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Kalabis, Viktor (1923-2006)
© Viktor Kalabis and Zuzana Ružicková Endowment Fund
Viktor Kalabis in 1968

Viktor Kalabis

born: 27 February 1923
died: 28 September 2006
country: Czech Republic

The art of composition for Czech composer Viktor Kalabis (1923-2006) was about teasing out the technique he needed to express a piece through the process of writing that piece. Kalabis was prolific, writing five symphonies and seven string quartets alongside many concerti and chamber works, and the joy of discovering Kalabis’s music is that of eavesdropping on Kalabis himself discovering the character, as well as the pacing and inner drama, of the music he was imagining inside his head. A composer who very obviously listened to a wide variety of other music, he adored Martinů—but also Alban Berg and Béla Bartók. His music functions tonally, but he concocted a method of his own for weaving twelve-tone thinking through a score, usually with the intention of intensifying harmonic light and shade, or to walk the music along new and more unstable pathways. Whatever worked in terms of moving his musical argument forwards mattered more to him than orientating himself around any prevailing compositional style or way-of-doing.

Whichever technical procedures he adopted, the essence of Kalabis’s music remained the same and retained its instantly recognizable sound. Both Kalabis and his wife, the pioneering Zuzana Růžičková, who was the first harpsichordist to record the complete keyboard works of Bach, refused to join the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, which ruled the country from 1948 to the end of 1989. As a result, Kalabis faced harassment, travel bans and infrequent public performances of his music; oppression was an important influence on much of his work. This political influence, reflected in some of Kalabis’s major works, was all the greater given that Viktor had suffered under the Nazi occupation of his country, having been forced into factory labour, and by Zuzana’s terrifying experiences as a prisoner in Nazi concentration camps and in ‘slave labour’.

Kalabis also maintained an open ear keen to modern composition. He excelled at having the instrumental grain of the harpsichord under his fingers—witness Růžičková pupil Mahan Esfahani’s performance of his Concerto for harpsichord and string orchestra on Hyperion CDA68397—but his instinctive ear for string sonority was equally carefully honed, despite not being a string player himself.

from notes by Philip Clark © 2025

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